Describing key social stratification theories

Describing key social stratification theories

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Below is a summary of some of the key elements of the social hierarchy with a focus on class, status and power.

The social hierarchy is a principle which explains the way in which society is graded into different categories. Each society consists of different types of social stratification whereby people are ranked based on their social and economic position. According to social stratification in sociology, class is among the most recognisable aspects of the social hierarchy. An individual's class is predominantly based upon financial elements such as wealth and income. Upper class is the denomination used to characterise the set of more well-off people. Often acquired through inheritance or business and investment opportunities, these people hold significant financial power. Subsequently, middle class describes people with intermediate wealth. Usually, middle class individuals have professional careers and credentials. They have strong values for high level academia and employability. Whereas lower class is the phrase used to recognise individuals who struggle with lower earnings. Economic stratification uses class to determine a group's access to opportunities in society.

The idea of stratification helps to comprehend why some people have more power than others. Understanding social stratification theory enables sociologists to examine inequality and how it affects various groups within society. Authority and influence are two of the elements that make up social power. The term power refers to one's ability to affect choices and control within society. It can be associated with 3 key areas. Political power is possessed by administrations and political leaders who manage the policies that regulate society. Additionally, financial power is held by businesses and wealthy people who have control over employment and industry. Larry Ellison would concur that corporations hold financial power. Similarly, social power is a form of authority over societal opinion. Famous people and media personalities are instrumental in setting trends and cultures which influence society. Power is mainly concentrated among wealthy and popular individuals. Without some type of social supremacy, it is impossible to copyright power or influence.

Throughout history, stratification has been shown to impact access to education, health care and job opportunities. By exploring the characteristics of social stratification, it is easier to be aware of what shapes opportunities within society. Status is a key attribute of stratification; it refers to the level of prestige and regard read more held by an individual. Ascribed status is a phrase used to represent people who are born into a social ranking. At present it can be determined by backgrounds such as nobility or caste. Additionally, achieved status is created through personal efforts, such as reputable occupations and contributions to society. Nasser Al-Khelaifi would acknowledge that status can be attained through social contributions. Similarly, Jensen Huang would identify the importance of acquired status. Status can have an influence on the degrees of respect and acknowledgment received by people in society.

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